1月25日（日）

研究の方向性をまた考え直している最中だが、自分の問題意識は、配偶者選択のパターンとそれが世代間の不平等にどう影響するかという点にある。それをすっきりと書いているのが、Gøsta Esping-AndersenのThe Incomplete Revolutionの一節だ。以下に、該当箇所を引用しておきたい。


"Ongoing change in family structure may also contribute to polarization. ... A second trend is the increase in marital selection, particularly with regard to educational homogamy. This is especially pronounced at the top and the bottom of the social ladder so that, at one end, we see a concentration of two parents with strong human capital and, at the other hand, a concentration of parents with little education. This should widen inequalities, not only because of the gap in earnings power, but also due to employment patterns. As I discussed in chapter 1, in most countries the revolution of women's role remains incomplete in the sense that the lifetime career commitment that higher educated women now embrace has not extended to the less educated. When we add to this the far greater probability of male unemployment at the bottom, we see here a major source of polarization. The key lies in the degree to which women's participation is socially skewed. Where, as in Scandinavia, virtually all women work, polarization is muted; where, as in most countries, female employment is concentrated at the top, the gap becomes large....Marital homogamy is also likely to polarize parental dedication to their children. As mentioned earlier, there is clear evidence that highly educated mothers and fathers dedicate much more time to their children, in particular with regard to what we might call development time, that is, active stimulation."

Quotes from Gøsta Esping-Andersen, 2010. The Incomplete Revolution: Adapting to Women's New Roles. Polity. 119-120.

Esping-Andersenの考えだと、ホモガミーの不平等への影響は各国の女性の就労率によって異なる。スウェーデンやデンマークといった北欧諸国では、どの学歴の人でも働くような社会であるため、世帯感の格差はそこまで大きくならない。一方で、多くの国々（この中に日本は入らないと思うが）では、高学歴女性のみが就労する傾向にある（未完の革命）。そのため、同類婚は世帯間格差を拡大する。
これに加えて、高学歴層では女性に加えて男性も子育てに対するdedicationを行うため、発達期の（もしくは子どもの教育が最も私事化されている時期の）子どもの教育にも影響がある可能性が指摘されている。

将来的には、これをきちんと確かめるための国際比較をしていきたい。